What is Frangipani Rust?

Frangipani rust is a fungus that remains dormant during winter and spring and usually pops up in December. When it first appears, it is a single gold dot.

When you first see rust each season, you should gently cut off the infected leaf and dispose of it carefully to stop the rust from spreading. This should slow the spread but the rust will most likely get worse and will need a fungicide spray. If you have a large frangipani or have dozens or hundreds of frangipanis, it will be very difficult to completely eliminate the rust and should be treated every year.

Frangipani rust is a fungus that affects only frangipanis. Frangipani rust spreads easily to other frangipanis of the same species and can spread to other frangipani species but not as quickly. As far as I know, frangipani rust does not spread to other types of plants.

If liquid copper protectant is sprayed on every leaf in November, the rust does not spread as much during December and January.

When it first appears, it is a gold dot on the underside of frangipan leaves. When it is active, it is bright gold and if you shake the leaf, you can see the spores float through the air like dust. One dot quickly becomes many dots on many leaves.

Frangipani rust usually doesn’t appear in Spring but it likes to pop up during summer. Leaves do not like rust and react badly. If left untreated, the rust will get worse until every leaf is infected. The leaves will likley turn yellow and be all brown by autumn and fall of earlier than usual going into winter. Many people say the health of frangipani plants and trees are not weakened by rust, however I would guess that if all the leaves are brown and falling off, the frangipani will not photosynthesize sunlight properly.

We recommend

-spraying liquid copper in November.

-checking the leaves of your frangipani every few days from late spring.

-cutting off any leaves with rust as soon as you see them and dispose of them carefully to slow the spread.

-spraying a fungicide as soon as you feel cutting off leaves is not enough. If you have a fungicide already, feel free to try it on the rust. Fungicides will not harm frangipanis and it will most likely attack the rust. We recommend Mancozeb which can be bought in any big garden or hardware store.

If you plan on buying a frangipani from us, please read the Frangipani Rust blog post.

Frangipani Rust

Frangipani rust is a fungus that often pops up around December and needs to be controlled by spraying a fungicide. It’s impossible for a frangipani nursery to avoid getting rust and most likely impossible to eliminate it. To make the situation more challenging, frangipanis in pots and bags aren’t usually as strong as those in the ground and are more vulnerable to all pests and diseases.

The good news for landscapers and home owners is that with only a few frangipanis or less, rust can be treated easily and elimination is possible. If you plan to put your frangipani in the ground, treatment will be even more effective.

It’s common knowledge that rust does not harm the frangipani however if the rust is left untreated from early Summer through to winter, all the leaves will eventually turn brown and fall off earlier than usual. From my experience, frangipanis that are badly infected with rust not only look bad but look unhealthy and weaker so it’s best to treat it sooner than later.

We look for areas in our nursery that have rust and spray as soon as possible. After spraying, the rust turns white (attacked by a good fungus?) or turns black (dead rust?) which ends up giving the leaves black spots. Leaves deteriorate during this process and turn yellow, then brown and eventually fall off. This is unavoidable but if the rust is sprayed well, the new leaves will look healthy and will remain rust free for longer.

Sometimes we can’t spray for 2 or 3 weeks due to rain or other reasons and the rust gets really bad in some sections of the nursery. Sometimes, we focus on spraying some sections while rust spreads without anyone seeing in another section.

The more the rust spreads, the more it creates so it’s in our best interest to minimize it as much as possible however eliminating rust in our whole nursery AND preventing it from entering the nursery after that is impossible.

We have found if we spray twice in 2 weeks, 99 percent of trees will be rust free a week later. In addition to that, we make sure that any frangipani with rust leaving the nursery is sprayed in the week leading up to departure. While we can easily improve the appearance of a frangipani by cutting blemished leaves off and hole the rust off by spraying, rust likes to come back and spread. We suggest that every frangipani owner learns to identify rust quickly and learns how to treat it.

Mancozeb is a fungicide that can be bought at Bunnings for around $10 and is enough to last for years.

Almost all customers who own or have owned frangipanis are familiar with rust and understand this but customers are welcome to ask us about rust in general or rust on a specific frangipani before ordering it online.

For a more detailed description of frangipani rust and how to treat it, please see our other blog post. What is frangipani rust?

What Size Frangipani is Best?

I often get asked “What size frangipani should I get? This depends on each person’s (or couple’s) situation so I usually ask some questions before giving any advice at all. I have group the questions I usually ask into 5 subjects, or factors. Here are the five factors to consider if you are wondering what size frangipani to purchase.

  1. Your Plan.
  2. Prices.
  3. Value for money.
  4. Your budget.
  5. Transportation.

1-Your Plan

Some people prefer to be patient and enjoy watching their garden develop naturally while others are focussed on creating an established garden as soon as possible. If you are worried about your frangipani growing too big, don’t worry. Frangipanis can easily be pruned or cropped.

2-Prices

You can walk into almost any nursery in spring and find a range of frangipani plants. For around $10, you can get a single stem frangipani in a 125mm pot. $20-$30 can buy a multi-branched frangipani in a 200mm pot. $40-$70 can buy a frangipani around or just under 1m tall. Our frangipani plants priced under $100 can only be purchased in bulk or with a frangipani tree order. Most frangipanis in 400mm pots and 45 litre bags are over 1m tall and priced between $150-$200. Ours 45 litre frangipanis are as cheap as $90.

3-Value For Money

Considering the price of frangipanis (as above), we recommend small trees (1m-1.5m) as the best value. We try our best to stock and sell frangipanis around this size and aim to sell them a little cheaper than other nurseries.
We also aim to sell our small frangipani plants cheaply as add-ons or in groups.
Frangipanis are very hardy but there are ways to purposefully or accidently kill them. Generally speaking, the larger the frangipani, the stronger and hardier it will be.

4-Your Budget

If your budget is less than $100, we suggest purchasing from your local retail plant nursery and take your frangipani home in your car.
If you plan to spend more than $100 on a frangipani tree, we recommend looking at our online frangipani tree to start.

5-Transportation

The minimum transport fee includes a 1m x 1m square space and up to 2.6m high. The closer you are to the Sunshine Coast, the cheaper delivery fee is.

What Shape Frangipani is Best?

Natural Frangipanis

When frangipanis grow naturally from seed, they do not flower and do not fork for a number of years. They often grow into a thick single stem plants and are often over one metre tall before forking. As the weight and number of branches increase, the stem continues to strengthen to support the weight of the tree. Eventually, the tree will develop into a balanced umbrella shape. 

Ideal Shape Of Cuttings

To get a well balanced umbrella shaped frangipani tree, cuttings should start as a single stem with a straight trunk, like a seedling.

Forked and Multi Stemmed Frangipanis

Frangipani plants with branches are more popular and, despite often being more expensive, usually sell faster. The more branches a frangipani plant has, the more flowers it will produce in the near future (1 to 3 years). Also, small plants with numerous branches resemble a traditional tree shape, and in some cases they can also have an appealing bonsai look.

Thin Trees and Single Stemmed Frangipanis

The frangipanis with less forks and less branches often look top light but since frangipani grow mostly from the branch ends, they eventually fill out and turn into a nicer shaped tree.

Straightness and Thickness of Trunk

As a frangipani increases in size, the trunk needs to support the weight of the whole tree. A large curve or S bend in the trunk will not have as much strength as a straight trunk. Many frangipanis have bends in their trunks and grow for many years without ever developing a lean or falling over however the greater the bend, the greater the risk. We often reduce the price of our frangipanis that have a curved, a thin or thin curved trunk to sell them more quickly.